{
 "license": "CC BY 4.0 (compilation). Cite: ChipCorridor (chipcorridor.com)",
 "_note": "Definitions written by ChipCorridor. source_kind: rule_text = definition paraphrased from the cited Federal Register rule text; usage_example = the cited page uses the term in this sense (the definition itself is ours); site_method = ChipCorridor's own method term.",
 "terms": [
  {
   "id": "bis",
   "term": "BIS (Bureau of Industry and Security)",
   "definition": "The US Department of Commerce bureau that administers the Export Administration Regulations, including the Entity List and the Validated End-User program.",
   "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/09/02/2025-16735/revocation-of-validated-end-user-authorizations-in-the-peoples-republic-of-china",
   "source_name": "Federal Register 2025-16735",
   "source_kind": "rule_text",
   "related": [
    "ear",
    "entity-list",
    "veu"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-10-18",
   "changed_at": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": "ear",
   "term": "EAR (Export Administration Regulations)",
   "definition": "The US export-control regulations at 15 CFR parts 730 to 774. Items \"subject to the EAR\" may need a licence for export, reexport or in-country transfer.",
   "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/12/05/2024-28267/additions-and-modifications-to-the-entity-list-removals-from-the-validated-end-user-veu-program",
   "source_name": "Federal Register 2024-28267",
   "source_kind": "rule_text",
   "related": [
    "bis",
    "entity-list"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-10-18",
   "changed_at": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": "entity-list",
   "term": "Entity List",
   "definition": "Supplement No. 4 to part 744 of the EAR. It names entities that BIS has reasonable cause to believe are involved in activities contrary to US national-security or foreign-policy interests. Exports to them need extra licences, and most licence exceptions are unavailable.",
   "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/12/05/2024-28267/additions-and-modifications-to-the-entity-list-removals-from-the-validated-end-user-veu-program",
   "source_name": "Federal Register 2024-28267, section A",
   "source_kind": "rule_text",
   "related": [
    "license-review-policy",
    "erc"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-10-18",
   "changed_at": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": "erc",
   "term": "ERC (End-User Review Committee)",
   "definition": "The interagency committee (State, Defense, Energy, Commerce and others) that decides Entity List additions, removals and changes, and that administers the VEU program.",
   "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/09/02/2025-16735/revocation-of-validated-end-user-authorizations-in-the-peoples-republic-of-china",
   "source_name": "Federal Register 2025-16735",
   "source_kind": "rule_text",
   "related": [
    "entity-list",
    "veu"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-10-18",
   "changed_at": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": "license-review-policy",
   "term": "Licence review policy",
   "definition": "How BIS says it will review licence applications for a listed entity. It appears in the \"License review policy\" column of the Entity List, for example \"presumption of denial\" or \"case-by-case\".",
   "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/12/05/2024-28267/additions-and-modifications-to-the-entity-list-removals-from-the-validated-end-user-veu-program",
   "source_name": "Federal Register 2024-28267",
   "source_kind": "rule_text",
   "related": [
    "presumption-of-denial"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-10-18",
   "changed_at": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": "presumption-of-denial",
   "term": "Presumption of denial",
   "definition": "A licence review policy under which BIS expects to refuse applications. It is the policy stated for most of the semiconductor entities added in 2022 to 2024.",
   "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/12/19/2022-27151/additions-and-revisions-to-the-entity-list-and-conforming-removal-from-the-unverified-list",
   "source_name": "Federal Register 2022-27151",
   "source_kind": "rule_text",
   "related": [
    "license-review-policy",
    "entity-list"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-10-18",
   "changed_at": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": "fdp-footnote-4",
   "term": "Footnote 4 (Entity List FDP rule)",
   "definition": "An Entity List designation that brings certain foreign-made items, made from US technology or software, within US controls when a footnote-4 entity is involved (EAR 734.9(e)(2)).",
   "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/12/19/2022-27151/additions-and-revisions-to-the-entity-list-and-conforming-removal-from-the-unverified-list",
   "source_name": "Federal Register 2022-27151",
   "source_kind": "rule_text",
   "related": [
    "entity-list"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-10-18",
   "changed_at": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": "veu",
   "term": "VEU (Validated End-User)",
   "definition": "An authorization (EAR 748.15) that lets approved facilities receive eligible items without their suppliers needing individual licences. Removing a facility from the VEU list brings back normal licence requirements.",
   "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/09/02/2025-16735/revocation-of-validated-end-user-authorizations-in-the-peoples-republic-of-china",
   "source_name": "Federal Register 2025-16735",
   "source_kind": "rule_text",
   "related": [
    "erc"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-10-18",
   "changed_at": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": "mofcom",
   "term": "MOFCOM",
   "definition": "The Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China. It issues China's export-control announcements, such as those on gallium, germanium and related items.",
   "source_url": "https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zcfb/dwmygl/art/2023/art_52b9a321087f402bb3d310d18b07967e.html",
   "source_name": "MOFCOM announcement page",
   "source_kind": "usage_example",
   "related": [],
   "checked": "2026-10-18",
   "changed_at": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": "star-market",
   "term": "STAR Market",
   "definition": "The Sci-Tech Innovation Board (科创板) of the Shanghai Stock Exchange. Many Chinese chip-equipment and chip-design companies list there.",
   "source_url": "https://star.sse.com.cn/disclosure/listedinfo/announcement/c/new/2026-08-10/688795_20260810_PQ5Y.pdf",
   "source_name": "SSE STAR Market disclosure (Moore Threads)",
   "source_kind": "usage_example",
   "related": [],
   "checked": "2026-10-18",
   "changed_at": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": "preliminary-results",
   "term": "Preliminary results",
   "definition": "Unaudited figures a company announces before its full periodic report. They can change in the final report, so ChipCorridor labels them Preliminary.",
   "source_url": "https://www.cfi.cn/p20261016002315.html",
   "source_name": "CXMT announcement 2026-014, as reproduced by CFi.CN",
   "source_kind": "usage_example",
   "related": [
    "nine-months"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-10-18",
   "changed_at": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": "nine-months",
   "term": "9M (nine months)",
   "definition": "Cumulative figures for 1 January to 30 September. They are not the same as a third-quarter (Q3) figure.",
   "source_url": "https://www.cfi.cn/p20261016002315.html",
   "source_name": "CXMT announcement 2026-014, as reproduced by CFi.CN",
   "source_kind": "usage_example",
   "related": [
    "preliminary-results"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-10-18",
   "changed_at": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": "earnings-guidance",
   "term": "Earnings guidance (Korea)",
   "definition": "Samsung Electronics' early estimate of quarterly figures, published before its full results.",
   "source_url": "https://news.samsung.com/global/samsung-electronics-announces-earnings-guidance-for-third-quarter-2026",
   "source_name": "Samsung Global Newsroom",
   "source_kind": "usage_example",
   "related": [
    "preliminary-results"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-10-18",
   "changed_at": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": "foundry",
   "term": "Foundry (pure-play)",
   "definition": "A company that makes chips designed by other companies. A pure-play foundry does not sell chips of its own design.",
   "source_url": "https://www.umc.com/en/home/Index",
   "source_name": "UMC home page",
   "source_kind": "usage_example",
   "related": [
    "fabless"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-10-18",
   "changed_at": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": "fabless",
   "term": "Fabless",
   "definition": "A chip company that designs chips and has them made by a foundry, without owning wafer fabs.",
   "source_url": "https://www.dosilicon.com/",
   "source_name": "Dosilicon home page",
   "source_kind": "usage_example",
   "related": [
    "foundry"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-10-18",
   "changed_at": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": "osat",
   "term": "OSAT",
   "definition": "Outsourced semiconductor assembly and test: companies that package and test chips for other firms.",
   "source_url": "https://www.ht-tech.com/",
   "source_name": "Huatian Technology home page",
   "source_kind": "usage_example",
   "related": [
    "foundry"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-10-18",
   "changed_at": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": "eda",
   "term": "EDA",
   "definition": "Electronic design automation: the software used to design and verify chips.",
   "source_url": "https://www.empyrean.com.cn/",
   "source_name": "Empyrean home page",
   "source_kind": "usage_example",
   "related": [],
   "checked": "2026-10-18",
   "changed_at": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": "dram",
   "term": "DRAM",
   "definition": "Dynamic random-access memory, the main working memory in phones, PCs and servers.",
   "source_url": "https://www.cxmt.com/en/",
   "source_name": "CXMT home page",
   "source_kind": "usage_example",
   "related": [],
   "checked": "2026-10-18",
   "changed_at": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": "to-verify",
   "term": "To verify (ChipCorridor status)",
   "definition": "A field that we have not yet confirmed on an official or primary source page. Pages with To verify fields are noindex until they meet the bar on the methodology page.",
   "source_url": "https://chipcorridor.com/methodology/",
   "source_name": "ChipCorridor methodology",
   "source_kind": "site_method",
   "related": [
    "changed-at"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-10-18",
   "changed_at": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": "changed-at",
   "term": "Changed date (ChipCorridor)",
   "definition": "The date a record's published content last changed. Re-checking a source without finding a change moves the \"last checked\" date only.",
   "source_url": "https://chipcorridor.com/methodology/",
   "source_name": "ChipCorridor methodology",
   "source_kind": "site_method",
   "related": [
    "to-verify"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-10-18",
   "changed_at": "2026-10-18"
  }
 ]
}